N-type and P-type Semiconductor

N-type Semiconductor

In this form of semiconductor majority carriers square measure electrons and minority carriers square measure holes. N - sort semiconductor is created by adding powerfulness (five valence electrons) impurity in a pure semiconductor crystal,
                          e.g: P. As, Sb.
Four of the 5 lepta|electron|negatron} of powerfulness impurity forms bond with Si atom and therefore the remaining electron is liberated to move anyplace at intervals the crystal. powerfulness impurity donates lepton to Si that’s why N-type impurity atoms square measure called donor atoms. This enhances the conduction of pure Si. Majority carriers square measure electrons so conductivity is owing to these electrons solely and is given by,
                                                 
                                                           σ = neμe

P-type Semiconductors

In this form of semiconductor majority carriers square measure holes and minority carriers square measure electrons. P- sort semiconductor is created by adding powerfulness ( 3 valence electrons) impurity in a pure semiconductor crystal,
                e.g: B, Al Ba.
Three of the four negatrons of power impurity forms bond with Si atom. This leaves the associate degree empty house that is mentioned as a hole. once the temperature is raised lepton from another bond jumps to fill this empty house. This leaves a hole behind. during this manner conductivity takes place. P- sort impurity accepts lepton and is named acceptor atom. Majority carriers square measure holes and thus conduction is owing to these holes solely and is given by,
                                                                  σ = neμh

Key Difference: 

             The P sort and N sort square measure 2 differing types of semiconductors. The P sort carries a charge, whereas the N sort carries a charge. the costs depend upon the opening concentration and also the lepton concentration. The P sort semiconductor includes a larger hole concentration, which ends up within the charge. Similarly, the N sort includes a larger lepton concentration than the opening concentration, which ends up during a charge.
                        The P sort and N sort square measure 2 differing types of semiconductors; specifically they're styles of adventitious semiconductors. Semiconductors are available 2 primary types: intrinsic and adventitious. Intrinsic semiconductors square measure semiconductors that square measure pure, what meaning is that they don’t have any doping agents supplementary, whereas the adventitious semiconductors do.

The adding of the doping agents changes the lepton and hole carrier concentrations of the semiconductor at equilibrium. equilibrium is that the temperature at that 2 adjacent substances exchanges no energy. Basically, it permits one to govern the semiconductor to lower its resistance.

Extrinsic semiconductors have quite common uses; primarily they're used as parts in electrical devices wherever they supply high impedance. adventitious semiconductors square measure primarily divided into 2 types: P sort and N sort.

They are named intrinsically thanks to the charge that they carry. The P sort carries a charge, whereas the N sort carries a charge. the costs depend upon the opening concentration and also the lepton concentration. The P sort semiconductor includes a larger hole concentration, which ends up within the charge. Similarly, the N sort includes a larger lepton concentration than the opening concentration, which ends up during a charge.



Some of the opposite variations between P sort associate degreed N sort Semiconductors embrace the very fact that P sort semiconductors square measure created by doping an intrinsic semiconductor with acceptor impurities, whereas then sort is made by doping associate degree intrinsic semiconductor with donor impurities. the foremost common styles of dopant for P sort is a chemical element, aluminium or gallium; whereas the foremost common variety of dopant for N sort is phosphorus, atomic number 51 and arsenic.

The p-type semiconductors have a bigger hole concentration than lepton concentration, whereas the n-type semiconductors have a bigger lepton concentration than hole concentration. to boot, in associate degree semiconductor unit, the Fermi level is larger than that of the intrinsic semiconductor. It additionally lies nearer to the physical phenomenon band than the valence band. within the semiconductor unit, on the opposite hand, the Fermi level is below the intrinsic Fermi level and it lies nearer to the valence band than the physical phenomenon band.